Fertilizer: Focus on energy saving and emission reduction and resource utilization

At present, China's chemical fertilizer industry uses coal and natural gas as its main raw materials, raw materials and product structures are unreasonable, and high energy consumption and pollutant emissions have become prominent problems. Therefore, in the oil and chemical industry revitalization and support technology promotion projects, the support technology in the fertilizer field is mainly focused on energy conservation and emission reduction.
The first is a new type of ferrous oxide-based ammonia synthesis catalyst technology. The development and application of high-efficiency low-temperature and low-pressure ammonia synthesis catalysts have been the main direction of technical progress in the synthetic ammonia industry and an effective way to reduce energy consumption and emissions. The new ammonia synthesis catalyst Amomax-10 oxidation type, Amomax-10H type prereduction ammonia synthesis catalyst has the characteristics of low starting temperature and short reduction time, which can reduce the bed resistance, and can solve the problem of easy reduction and large scale of ferrous oxide catalyst. The contradiction of the lack of ammonia reduction facilities is very obvious. For a large-scale ammonia plant with a daily output of 10,000 tons, the energy saved by using the pre-reduced catalyst corresponds to the value of the entire furnace catalyst.
The second is a new self-heating non-isostatic alcohol alkylation purification ammonia raw material gas new process. The ammonia-synthesized feed gas is first subjected to preliminary purification of the feed gas by a medium-pressure alcoholization system, and the CO (carbon monoxide) and CO2, which are toxic to the ammonia synthesis catalyst, are converted into methanol, which is then further purified by high-pressure alcoholization. Methanol production). The CO+CO2 content in the gas after two stages of alcoholization is less than 200×10-6, and then the high-pressure alkylation system converts the ppm-level CO+CO2 into methane that is harmless to the ammonia synthesis catalyst, medium-pressure alcoholization and ammonia The synthesis system is mainly based on alcohol production and ammonia production; high-pressure alcoholization and high-pressure alkylation systems are mainly based on purification.
The third is wet phosphoric acid purification technology. It is the use of chemical methods, organic solvent extraction and other technologies to remove impurities in phosphoric acid, the general purification of wet-process phosphoric acid into industrial-grade, food-grade phosphoric acid, used to produce high-added phosphorus chemical products, extending the phosphate fertilizer industry chain, in production High-grade phosphoric acid and phosphorus fine chemical products, replacing high-energy, high-polluted thermal process phosphoric acid. China's phosphate fertilizer industry has a serious excess capacity, and a large amount of wet-process phosphoric acid is used to produce traditional phosphate fertilizer products. The wet-process phosphoric acid purification technology will digest part of the production capacity and provide a low-cost raw material source for producing high-tech, high-value-added fine-phosphorus chemical products.
The fourth is low-pressure ammonia synthesis technology. This technology pressurizes the ammonia synthesis gas to approximately 15.0 MPa and enters a multi-bed heat-exchange radial ammonia synthesis reactor where an ammonia synthesis reaction occurs. The net ammonia value of the synthesis column is greater than 15%. After the high-temperature gas from the synthesis tower is recovered by waste heat, it is sequentially water-cooled, two-stage ammonia cooled, and separated liquid ammonia, which is then pressurized by a recycler and sent back to the synthesis column for recycling. Compared with traditional high-pressure ammonia synthesis, only 97kWh per ton of ammonia is consumed for electricity consumption, and the energy consumption per ton of ammonia is about 0.95GJ.
Fifth, 300,000 tons/year coal-synthetic ammonia synthesis technology. This technology has enabled the localization of large-scale fertilizer plants using coal as raw materials, resulting in a 7% reduction in coal consumption and oxygen consumption and a carbon conversion rate of 98%.
In view of the shortage of China's mineral resources, especially the high-grade mineral resources, the technical guidance for the revitalization of the petroleum and chemical industries has included the rational use of mineral resources and improved chemical ore utilization as the focus of technological development in the fertilizer field. Such as the use of low-grade phosphorite kiln phosphoric acid production technology, low-grade phosphate rock processing and comprehensive utilization of associated resources, low-grade phosphorus and potassium ore utilization of the system to produce molten phosphorus and potash fertilizer technology, synthetic ammonia gas, energy-saving key technologies such as conversion system .

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