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     Simple folk sand gold mining There are three main methods. One is the “moving waterways†method; the second is the “running waterway†method; the third is the shallow mining well (commonly known as “pressing the raftâ€) underground mining method.
     1. "moving waterways" method
     This method is to peel off the topsoil of the gold deposit on the gold deposit. Transport the topsoil to the yard or gob of the low-lying area. After the stripping project is completed, the mining operation is carried out on the exposed sand deposit.
     The applicable conditions of this method are: the slope of the bed of the deposit should be less than 2%, the burial is not more than 5 meters, and the surface water is simple.
     The beneficiation operation is carried out on this sand deposit. A beneficiation pit should be dug out separately in the work area. The equipment used is a chute and a shaker. When there is no power equipment, a gold pan can be used instead of a shaker for selection.
     The advantages of this method are: low consumption of raw materials, low production cost, low loss of ore, low depletion rate, and self-flowing drainage. Except for the cold winter provinces (regions) such as northeast, northwest and Inner Mongolia, the southern provinces (districts) can work year round. The shortcoming is that the production preparation time is long and the engineering quantity is large. It is necessary to correctly grasp the hydrological situation, otherwise it will be disturbed by the flood victims.
     2. "Running the water channel" method
     The “running waterway†method is a kind of gold mining method that utilizes the natural slope of the terrain to wash away the topsoil of the upper part of the ore body by hydraulic means, that is, the hydraulic peeling method.
     This method is mostly applicable to slope deposits, or sand deposits where the ore body is located on a hillside and in a small valley with a large slope. The slope of the ore body should generally be greater than 3%. If the slope is small and the water flow is not cleaned, it has to be done manually.
     This method is not limited by the thickness of the topsoil. It is especially suitable for sand gold deposits with a depth of 1.5~2 meters. This method can also be used for gold deposits with a topsoil thickness of 15 to 16 m. This method is also applicable to the complex mining of old mining areas that have been mined. Folks commonly refer to this method as "scraping poorly."
     There must be a source of water for this method. In the pre-harvest preparation work, water should be led to the front end of the ore body. First, we must determine the difference between the pre-mining body and the water source. If you use river water, you must stop the river to store water and use water pump to transport the water to the front end of the deposit. If you use the self-flowing water, the height difference is better. In order to divert water to the front end of the ore body, it is necessary to repair a diversion ditch, which is 1.5~2.0 meters wide and 0.8~1.0 meters deep, and the length is determined according to needs.
     The “runner waterway†mining method can be divided into three types of methods in production due to different operations. That is, the "pressure method", the "rolling method" and the joint method of the two methods.
     "Pressing method" is the operation of people standing in the ditch. Loosen the underwater rock with iron brazing, and the water will wash away the artificially loose soil (ie, topsoil). If the topsoil layer is thick, it can be divided into steps and peeled off at the same time. The height of each step is no more than 2 meters. About 2 meters near the bottom of the lowermost step, the board should be blocked to return the mud and the gravel pile should be removed in time. For example, the topsoil contains a small amount of gold. Two horizontal planks should be placed at the end of the channel. Its height is lower than the water surface, but it is higher than the bottom of the drainage ditch. After accumulating for a certain period of time, the ore here is cleaned out for panning, and a gold can be recovered.
     When the ore body is wider, it can be divided into several strips and staged stripping on the full width of the ore body. In order to improve the running efficiency, it is also useful to loosen the surface soil rock by a small dose. The peeling effect is very good.
     The "rolling method" is that people stand on the work and use the iron to pull the earth rock into the water channel below the work gang, and use the water to wash away the soil. The difference between this method and the "pressing method" is that the worker stands in the waterway while operating, or is standing on the job and is named.
     3. Sand mining underground mining method for shallow wells
     This method is also known as the "press 碃" method. In the mining of gold deposits, this mining method is more suitable for the sand gold deposits where the burial of the gold deposit is deep, the inclination of the deposit is not large, and the open-pit mining method has a large proportion of mining and stripping, which is not economically economical. With this method, the burial depth of the deposit is more than 10 meters, and the slope of the bed of the deposit is less than 2%. After the deposit is delineated, the chisel, small shaft and Tongda sand deposit are arranged according to a reasonable design layout. Then mining. This is one of the commonly used underground mining methods for sand deposits. [next]
     4. Supporting ore dressing method
     There are three main types of ore dressing methods associated with the “Runner Waterway†mining method. The first is the "pushing eye method"; the second is the "string" method; the third is the big slip method.
     Push the eye. "Water Eye" is to work on the bottom of the stop to help dig a hole in the bottom. A large wooden box (2 meters long and 1 meter wide and 1 meter wide) is placed in the pit. There is a horizontal grid in the middle of the box, and the box is divided into two compartments. When used, the surface water is first led from the height to the first square of the water eye, and the water flows through the upper side of the horizontal grid to the second compartment of the box. The ore to be treated is poured into the tank. The ore is strongly washed under the impulse of the water. The gold particles sink to the bottom of the tank due to the high density. The mud sand is washed away by the water after flowing through the first grid. After two days of processing in this mineral processing wooden box, the heavy ore in the box is cleaned up and sent for selective processing.
Roll the "string" method. This method is a method of roughing the gold-bearing ore in the waterway by means of the action of the water flow. The folks call the water "string". For the ore layer with low gold grade, it is more advantageous to use this method and has high efficiency.
     Big slip. This is the common method of selecting the ground chute. This method is applicable to loose sand gold deposits with ore sand.
     Second, the folk gold mining dialect dialect
     Old gold class
     The old Jinbaner is a cooperative organization that used to collect gold together. In the golden gold bag, the golden gold was handed over to the gold and gold. People in the Golden Class can see it. After dinner, the class owner baked the gold in the charcoal fire and removed the water. Weighed with gold scorpion, weighed one by one and handed it to the "word smith" (accounting) to write the weight, the year, the month, and the chapter. The gold bag is rectangular. It is said that at this point, it is "there is a clue", that is, there is a result. Every metalworker is not allowed to pay for gold. It is even more difficult to steal the gold that everyone has jointly acquired. Those who discovered that the money was not paid and stolen gold were either killed or smashed, or tied to a tree at night to feed the mosquitoes, or pushed to the dethron. At a certain time, according to the amount of gold per person. There are special difficulties at home and can be taken care of with the consent of everyone.
     2. "Take the handle"
     Old goldsmiths often call themselves "pull the handles." Pulling the handle is to use the iron shovel to throw ore to the high platform and the distance. This is the heaviest manual labor in the mining of gold. Some gold miners have spent the rest of their lives doing this simple, inefficient way of transporting mineral sand or topsoil. The old worker's fingers squeezed the scorpion into a square. A pair of fingers are curved and few, and they all have to be bright. "锹 锹 shelf" first went to the two tables for a few days, to see if it can't work, throwing the bottom of the mine to fly the two pieces. New arrivals are required to throw the shovel ore out at a designated location 2 meters away. Slightly slower, when you throw the bottom, you will use the mineral sand to bury the feet of the people on the stage (this is called "pressing the table"). In order not to be "pressed", people standing on the table have to use the whole body solution and hurry to throw out the ore thrown onto the stage. Otherwise, it will be "eyes". An hour is coming, sweating. Big blood bubbles have also been made on the palm. This is one of the entrance exams.
     3. "horse shelf"
     The shack where Jin Ban lived in the old forest was called a horse shelf. When you go out to work, when there is no one, you cover the door and use a wooden stick outside the door. People who pass by are hungry and tired and can go in for a while. There is leftover food to eat, but it can't be murdered. When you walk, you can use the wooden stick to support the door. If you are willing to tell the owner who did not meet, go to the ground and put a small stick on the ground.
     4. "碃"
     “碃†refers to a gold pit dug by a gold miner or a shallow well. Shallow wells or pits selected for excavation gold mining are often referred to as “pressing 碃â€. Into the pit called "upper." The wellhead is called "blinking."
     5. "Cat bites"
     In the old days, gold miners were often bruised by stones or landslides. Sometimes the blink of an eye was buried by the landslide. At this time, the injured person can only say that he was "bitten by a cat." Was buried in the shackles, called "suffocating". If it is said that "the cat has rushed", it means that the injury is very heavy, and the taboo says: smashed, collapsed, injured and other words. When someone enters the horse shelf (shelf) in the winter, he says, "It’s really cold outside, and the hand is frozen like a cat bite!". The more mature person will also squint at you and even lick a few words. Although you are inadvertently saying that the words are commonly used, the people in the Jinban are jealous and think that it is a great curse, as if the disaster is about to come. If it happens to be on the same day or in recent days, Jinban really has a work accident. Then those who say this will be reviled by everyone, and regard him as a "sacred star." In the old society, even if someone said the Chinese language every day, there were still accidents involving wounded and dead people. [next]
     6. "Calling eyes"
     In order to collect gold, the folks used the experience of the old metal workers to find the inclination and direction of the gold veins. At that time, I was looking for a gold thread. Find the gold line and decide where to press a blink of an eye or a few blinks. If you are experienced, you can see the mine. The old method was unscientific and the experience was relative. Calling "Golden Bowl" without gold, this is called "calling eyes." Without gold, there is no eye. In fact, this is the gold mining method of “covering the bellâ€. Still, there are some rules that are enduring. If you wear glasses, you can't get close to the pick-up location. Because the "eyes" are blocked, there is no good sign and no mine. The outsider is standing in the mouth and can't. This is "to be mad, unlucky." The woman is not allowed to approach the mouth, because the old woman's status is low. The gold mine geology is much more complicated than other minerals, and the changes are also large. There are always mistakes in the prospecting and mining decisions. In order to maintain the authority of his own old gold, always find an excuse, or you can step down. Of course, some of the proverbs and experiences that the old goldsmiths have learned from years of practical experience are still very valuable.
     The goldsmiths summed up the gold-speaking proverbs, such as: "Step by step, change the bottom, do not see gold.", "Shajin is not the end, white two rice." This shows that the gold mine geological conditions change and the difficulty of finding gold.
     3. Some historical phenomena of gold mining in the old China
     1. "Korean side"
     In the old China, there was one of the largest gold mining areas in Jilin Province, called “Korean sideâ€. This area is the famous Jiapigou gold mine. In 1992, the Jiapigou Gold Mine was renamed as Jiapigou Gold Mining Company.
     The name "Korean side" has its origins. In the first year of Qing Daoguang (1821), local widowers and ginseng people discovered gold mines in the area of ​​Jiapigou. Han Xianzong (1813-1897), the eldest son of Han Yuanzhang, who fled from Wendeng County in Shandong Province to the Wushi River outside the Wicker River, became the head of self-defense for gold mining workers. He established a gold mining system based on the management of the head system. He himself is armed, has his own court, has the power to kill groups and domestic residents, and has the power to collect taxes. According to the "Huadian County", it is recorded: "Since the west of the Mudanling West, the upper reaches of the South Songhua River in the Jilin Province and the west bank of the Huifa River are all Hans." In short, Han Xianzong has a legislative system in the Jiapigou area. Reward and punishment, taxation, and scouting have become a "independent kingdom". This "independent kingdom" has historically been called "the outside of Korea."
     2. Picking up gold for firecrackers
     There is an unwritten rule in the "Korean side". No matter where anyone has taken the gold (golden carp), they will set off firecrackers to celebrate. It is said that in the middle of the Qing Dynasty in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Jiapigou gold mine heard the sound of firecrackers almost every day. So far, this habit has been used by private gold collectors.
     3. Use the word jealousy
     Gold miners are jealous of using some unreasonable words in daily production and life, and replacing them with other words. For example, the word "pit", because its meaning is connected with the grave and the dead pit, it is not allowed to use "pit" to express the "pit" of mining, but to replace the word "well" or "hole". As usual, "slanting holes", "shundongzi", and "lijingzi" are used. Because the word "stone" is similar to the word "corpse", it does not say "stone" or the like. For example, "falling stone" should be said to be "falling hair", "falling" should be said to be "sheet hair" or "piece help", and "white stone" should be called "white cover".
     The surname of Huang is to change the surname Yuan. If Jin Banli has a surname of Huang, he will have to change his surname Yuan. It is said that Jin Baner is jealous of this "yellow" word. Because gold mining is good, doing business is good, saying "yellow", it is closed down. In order to make a lucky picture, Jin Baner not only manages the gold called “Golden Dragonflyâ€, but also the small gold grain called “Golden Starâ€. Even many wooden, iron, leather or cloth bags are crowned with a gold letter. For example, the iron is called Jinyu, the iron is called Jinyu, the shovel is called golden shovel, the wooden chute is called Jinsuozi, the gold used for gold is called golden scorpion, and the bag made of red or leather is called gold cylinder, which is washed out. Gold is called gold grain, and so on.
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Folk simple gold production
1. Simple mining of gold and gold mines