In all models with "T", 2.0T is just like the golden points in the ratio. It can reach a good balance between dynamics, economics, adaptability and even tax policy, and it will be adjusted. Can be commonly used in cars, SUVs, MPVs, wagons and other different models, compared to the traditional 2.4L or 2.5L self-priming engine, power is stronger, lower fuel consumption, so 2.0T is recognized by the market as gold displacement. Today, we put our own 2.0T engine into a ranking. Let's take a look at who our domestic car makers are focusing on R&D! 10 Aerospace Mitsubishi 4G63S4T Mitsubishi's engine, derived from the 4G6 series, is simply an old myth in the auto industry. With its reliable quality and easy maintenance features, Mitsubishi has become the darling of many independent brands. Over time, the engine behind this technology has gradually become weak and has been opened by many independent high-performance engines. 9 Beiqi B201B205 This engine is mainly used on top of the Saab models, and the technology is derived from Saab, the Swedish brand name for automakers. However, Saab engine technology has remained in place for 20 years, so the overall performance of this improved engine is general. The performance output is not bad, but the performance of NVH and fuel consumption is far from satisfactory! 8 FAW CA4GC20T Like the Great Wall 2.0T engine, this engine was also included in the "China Hearts" list of top ten engines of the year. Although it is derived from the VW EA113 engine, the engine's performance output is much inferior to that of other autonomous engines, and it also requires the addition of No. 97 (Jing 95) fuel. 7 Aerospace Mitsubishi 4K21D4T Aerospace Mitsubishi's 2.0T engine is still in production. I haven't found the exact information here, but this engine used to be equipped with a lot of pickup trucks. As a semi-engineering vehicle, its power is worthy of recognition, but There are many flaws in other areas. 6 Guangzhou Automobile 4B20M1 The performance of the engine is general, and the popular technology of direct injection in the cylinder is not adopted, and the cylinder body is made of cast iron. The version mounted on the Chuanqi GS8 has raised the peak torque to 320Nm, but it is still not outstanding. 5 Great Wall GW4C20 This engine has entered the "China Hearts" annual top ten engine list, although this list is not convincing, but it also proves that this engine has a certain strength. In general, the engine performance is flat. The only bad thing is that the fuel consumption is high. 4 BYD BYD487ZQA The performance of this engine has barely reached the mainstream level, and it has barely met the national five standard. However, its own technical configuration is very low, and it is often criticized for various minor problems. Although it is based on the 1.5T engine (1.5T imitation Volkswagen 1.4T), but there is no public traces, it can be considered a truly independent research and development engine. 3 Fukuda BWE420B This engine is different from the Foton Savannah 2.0T engine and it was used on the brand new BV7. Although the peak torque value is not high, the low-twist performance is better. With reference to the mature mass-engine structure, the adjustment is not radical, so all aspects of its NVH have done a good job, especially the vibration is relatively small. 2 SAIC MGE 2.0TGI In the "Blue Core" technology, the MGE engine series is completely developed by SAIC. This engine has a good technical configuration, the central injector can achieve stratified injection, a small inertia turbocharger improves the engine's low torque. Mage Rui Teng took this engine, 100 kilometers to accelerate in about 8 seconds, own brand models difficult to rival opponents! 1 Changan Blue Whale Bluecore D20T GDI This engine is the most powerful member of the Changan BlueCore engine family. With the current mainstream technology of all engines, and can output peak torque of 380Nm in super-supercharging mode, it can be called the strongest core in China! At present, only Harbin Dongan Steamer (DAE) is capable of mass production of this engine. From the beginning of 2000 to the present, automobiles have entered the Chinese family on a large scale for nearly two decades. In the past ten years, huge market capacity has made China the world’s largest automotive market. At the same time, local brands have also experienced high-speed development over the past ten years and have quickly achieved international integration. Perhaps because of the long-term weakness of the Chinese auto industry, inertial thinking makes us have some doubts about the strength of local brands. However, from the perspective of the current development of local brand cars, this kind of inertial thinking has some concerns. The blue whale 2.0T onboard the Changan CS95 is a good example of the fact that domestically produced engines have not lost to world-class brands at all. Domestically produced cars are just around the corner. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer polymerized by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in peroxide, azo compound and other initiators or according to the free radical polymerization mechanism under the action of light and heat. Vinyl chloride homopolymer and vinyl chloride copolymer are collectively referred to as vinyl chloride resin.
PVC was once the world's largest general-purpose plastic, which was widely used. It is widely used in building materials, industrial products, daily necessities, floor leather, floor tiles, artificial leather, pipes, wires and cables, packaging film, bottles, foaming materials, sealing materials, fibers and so on.
According to the different application scope, PVC can be divided into: General PVC resin, high degree of polymerization PVC resin and cross-linked PVC resin. Universal PVC resin is formed by polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer under the action of initiator; High degree of polymerization PVC resin refers to the resin polymerized by adding chain growth agent in vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system; Crosslinked PVC resin is a resin polymerized by adding crosslinking agent containing diene and polyene into vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system.
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PVC is a white powder with amorphous structure, with small branching degree, glass transition temperature of 77 ~ 90 ℃, and it begins to decompose at about 170 ℃ [1]. It has poor stability to light and heat. When it is above 100 ℃ or exposed to sunlight for a long time, it will decompose to produce hydrogen chloride, and further Autocatalytic Decomposition will cause discoloration, and its physical and mechanical properties will also decline rapidly, In practical application, stabilizer must be added to improve the stability to heat and light.
The molecular weight of industrial PVC is generally in the range of 50000 ~ 110000, with great polydispersity. The molecular weight increases with the decrease of polymerization temperature. There is no fixed melting point. It begins to soften at 80 ~ 85 ℃, changes to viscoelastic state at 130 ℃, and changes to viscous flow state at 160 ~ 180 ℃; It has good mechanical properties, with tensile strength of about 60MPa and impact strength of 5 ~ 10kj / m2; It has excellent dielectric properties.
According to the method of obtaining vinyl chloride monomer, it can be divided into calcium carbide method, ethylene method and imported (EDC, VCM) monomer method (traditionally, ethylene method and imported monomer method are collectively referred to as ethylene method).
1. PVC profile
Profile and profile are the areas with the largest consumption of PVC in China, accounting for about 25% of the total consumption of PVC. They are mainly used to make doors and windows and energy-saving materials. Their application is still growing by a large margin throughout the country. In developed countries, the market share of plastic doors and windows is also the highest, such as 50% in Germany, 56% in France and 45% in the United States.
2. PVC pipe
Among many PVC products, PVC pipe is the second largest consumption field, accounting for about 20% of its consumption. In China, PVC pipe is developed earlier than PE pipe and PP pipe, with many varieties, excellent performance and wide application range, which occupies an important position in the market.
3. PVC membrane
The consumption of PVC in the field of PVC membrane ranks third, accounting for about 10%. After PVC is mixed and plasticized with additives, a transparent or colored film with a specified thickness is made by a three roll or four roll calender. The film is processed by this method to become a calendered film. You can also cut and heat seal packaging bags, raincoats, tablecloths, curtains, inflatable toys, etc. The wide transparent film can be used for greenhouse, plastic greenhouse and plastic film. The biaxially stretched film has the characteristics of thermal shrinkage and can be used for shrinkage packaging.
4. PVC hard materials and plates
PVC is added with stabilizer, lubricant and filler. After mixing, hard pipes, special-shaped pipes and corrugated pipes of various diameters can be extruded by extruder for downcomer, drinking water pipe, wire sleeve or stair handrail. The calendered sheets can be overlapped and hot pressed to make hard plates of various thicknesses. The plate can be cut into the required shape, and then welded into various chemical corrosion-resistant storage tanks, air ducts and containers with PVC electrode and hot air.
5. PVC general soft products
It can be extruded into hoses, cables, wires, etc. by extruder; Plastic sandals, soles, slippers, toys, auto parts, etc. can be made by injection molding machine with various molds.
6. PVC packaging materials
PVC products are mainly used for packaging various containers, films and hard pieces. PVC containers mainly produce mineral water, beverage and cosmetic bottles, and are also used for the packaging of refined oil. PVC film can be used for CO extrusion with other polymers to produce low-cost laminated products and transparent products with good barrier. PVC film can also be used for stretch or heat shrinkable packaging, and for packaging mattresses, cloth, toys and industrial commodities.
7. Pvc wall panels and floors
Pvc wall panels are mainly used to replace aluminum wall panels. In addition to a part of PVC resin, the other components of PVC floor tiles are recycled materials, adhesives, fillers and other components, which are mainly used in the ground of airport terminal building and hard ground in other places.
8. PVC consumer goods
Luggage bag is a traditional product made of PVC. PVC is used to make all kinds of imitation leather, luggage bag and sports products, such as basketball, football and football. It can also be used to make uniforms and belts for special protective equipment. PVC fabrics for clothing are generally absorbent fabrics (without coating), such as ponchos, baby pants, imitation leather jackets and various rain boots. Polyvinyl chloride is used in many sports and entertainment products, such as toys, records and sporting goods. Polyvinyl chloride toys and sporting goods have a large growth. It has an advantage because of its low production cost and easy molding.
9. PVC coated products
Artificial leather with substrate is made by applying PVC onto cloth or paper and plasticizing it above 100 ℃. PVC and additives can also be calendered into a film, and then pressed with the substrate. The artificial leather without substrate is directly calendered into soft sheets of a certain thickness by calender, and then pressed with patterns. Artificial leather can be used to make suitcases, bags, book covers, sofas and car cushions, as well as floor leather, which can be used as paving materials for buildings.
10.PVC foam products
When the soft PVC is mixed, a suitable amount of foaming agent is added into the sheet to form foam plastic, which can be used as foam slippers, sandals, insoles, and shockproof cushioning packaging materials. It can also be formed into low foaming rigid PVC plates and profiles based on extruder, which can replace wood. It is a new building material.
11. PVC transparent sheet
PVC is mixed, plasticized and calendered into transparent sheet by adding impact modifier and organotin stabilizer. Thermoforming can be used to make thin-walled transparent containers or vacuum blister packaging. It is an excellent packaging material and decorative material.
12. Others
Doors and windows are assembled with hard special-shaped materials. In some countries, it has occupied the market of doors and windows together with wooden doors, windows and aluminum windows; Imitation wood materials and steel building materials (North and seaside); Hollow container.