Application of Mechanized Filling and Mining Method in Lingshan Mining Area of ​​Linglong Gold Mine

1 Geological overview and mining technical conditions

Delicate gold ore mine in Mountain points silkworm 25km northwest of town at the Zhaoyuan City Mountain Village. The mining area is located in the Lingshan-Northern fault zone of the area II ore-controlling fault and its upper plate. The currently produced 1# vein gold ore body is produced in the branch fault F1 of the Ling-Bei fault. The 1# vein ore body is distributed in the lower plate of F1 fracture, and it goes to NE30°～60°, tends to SE, the inclination angle is 41°～80°, and the ore body thickness is 1～30m. Ore pyrite type of mineral-like fragmentation phyllic potassium granite, fissures, poor stability, hardness factor f = 8 ~ 10. The weight of the ore is 2.70t/m3, the looseness coefficient is 1.6, and the natural angle of repose is 40°~45°. It is often accompanied by dripping and watering, and the mining technical conditions are complicated.
2 traditional mining methods
In the past, the mine mainly used the low-water consolidation and full-tailed sand filling mining method in the downward horizontal stratified approach. The layout of the mine entrance is shown in Figure 1. The mine is arranged along the ore body, with a length of 50m and a height of 40m in the middle. The width of the mine is the thickness of the ore body and the layering height is 3m. The stope starts to recover from the level of the upper middle section and the lower layer, and the lower part of the mining operation is carried out under the protection of the upper layered backfill. In the horizontal stratification, the stope is divided into the mining along the orientation of the ore body. The approach is about 25m in length, 2.0 to 3.0m in width, and 3.0 to 3.5m in height. The mining order is reversed from the lower plate to the upper plate (the ordering patio is arranged in the lower part of the ore body, the order is reversed). The recovery mode of the stope is one-step mining, leaving no pillars, and the ore is filled after the ore is produced. The technical indicators of the mining method are shown in Table 1.

The main problems with this mining method are as follows:
(1) Mining efficiency is low. Affected by factors such as mining technology, filling materials and mining methods, the parameters of length, width and height of the mining approach have been basically fixed. There is only one access operation per class in the mine, mining, mining, and wall-making. Processes such as filling, moving electricity, etc. need to be carried out in turn in time, and the form of labor organization is single. The production capacity of the stope is relatively low compared to the advanced mines of the same conditions.
(2) The cemented backfill used in the mining method is easily weathered in the air for a long time, and the strength is low in the later stage. Therefore, when the length of the road after the topping is about 10m, the filling is required, the filling times are many, the filling work takes a long time, and the mining intensity and efficiency are low.
(3) Mining costs are high. Due to the high price of filling materials, the mining efficiency of mining houses is low, the working conditions of mining sites are poor, and the labor intensity is high. In the depressed market environment, the development of enterprises has been seriously affected.
(4) Workers are labor intensive. The materials and equipment of the stope can only be transported through the patio. When the mine is collected to the bottom, the materials need to be turned over a dozen ladders to be transported to the operation site. In addition, the pick-up electric winch must be frequently moved and installed with the advancement of the mining work, and the labor intensity of the workers is large.
Innovative application of 3 panel mechanized filling mining method

Based on the occurrence characteristics of the ore bodies in the section and drawing on the successful experience of other mines, the company decided to test the application of the mechanized filling mining method in the downward horizontal stratified panel. The empty area filling is based on the new low-cost tailings consolidation. The material acts as a binder.
3.1 Mine building elements
The length of the test mine is about 40m, and the stage height is 40m. The mine is divided into 4 sections in the vertical direction, and the section height is 10m. Each segment is divided into 3 layers, with a layer height of 3.3m, which is recovered from top to bottom. Within each stratification, the mining approach is arranged along the ore body or perpendicular to the ore body. The length of the approach is 15-30 m and the width is 3.0 m.
3.2 mining engineering layout
The test plan adopts the under-pulse outer ramp and the sectional transport lane. The ramp is arranged along the ore body with a zig-zag shape with a section of 2.8m × 2.6m and a straight section with a 10° inclination. When the elevation of the ramp reaches the height of each section, the horizontal section of the lane is driven by the ramp to the ore body. From each section of the transportation lane, the tunnel is connected to the mining tunnel perpendicular to the ore body. A slipper is arranged in the stratified communication lane of the lower part of the stope, and the chute is connected with the four sectioned transport lanes as the passage for the mining of the miners. The scheme approval project is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.

3.3 mining process
The stope is sequentially harvested from top to bottom, with a stratified height of 3.3m. Each section of the transport lane serves three stratifications. The first tiered junction lane is digged to the ore body at an inclination of 10°, and the upper part is recovered. 3m ore body; after the first layer of mining and filling is completed, the original layered contact roadway is excavated to the ore body at an inclination angle of 0°, and the middle part of the 3.3m ore body is recovered under the upper layer filling body; The slope is excavated before the slope at 10°, and the lower part is 3.3m. After the mining of the ore body is completed within the sub-section, it will be transferred to the next section.
The layout of the approach within each stratification is basically the same as that of the original mining method, except that the mine can realize multiple approaches while recovering. The route layout generally guarantees the best transportation distance and the production capacity of the stope. Under the condition of maintaining the safety of the roof, it can recover 30% to 50% of the working face at the same time.
(1) Falling ore and mining. The ore that has collapsed in the stope is shoveled by the scraper into the ore chute and transported through the chute into the lower middle section.
(2) Ventilation. The exit ventilation method is the same as the original mining method. The ventilation of the stope adopts partial forced ventilation. The local fan is installed in the fresh air flow in the horizontal alley of the upper part of the stope. The wind tunnel enters the stope through the pedestrian well and the layered electric bypass. The dirty wind after flushing the working face returns to the upper middle section through the original road. The main lane enters the return air system along with the main wind flow of the main road.
(3) Labor organization. Due to the application of the trackless equipment, the number of intakes at the same time and the order of the extraction within each layer can be adjusted in time according to the production situation, and the labor organization is more flexible. The processes of mining, support and filling in the stratification can be staggered in time and space, and multiple working faces can be constructed in each stratification, and the mining intensity is relatively high.
(4) Filling. Since there can be multiple working surfaces in each layer, the consolidation time of each filling method is not high compared to the original mining method. Therefore, the mine selects a relatively low-cost, formed filling body. The relatively stable new tailings consolidation material is used as a gelling agent to fill the goaf, and the filling cost is greatly reduced. The new filling cementing material has higher strength in the later stage, and the filling body does not produce dehydration and weathering, and the allowable exposure time and area are relatively increased, so that the filling times of each approach are reduced and the mining efficiency is high.
In summary, according to the practical application of the mechanized filling mining method in the mine, the main technical indicators are obtained (see Table 2).

4 Conclusion

The improvement of the recovery and filling process of high-efficiency trackless equipment enables the technical and economic indicators of the mechanized filling and filling method of the panel to reach a higher level. The method provides a preparatory approach for the stope, so that the various processes of the mining are staggered in time and space, breaking the original labor organization mode, and the use of the trackless self-equipment greatly reduces the ore, materials and equipment transportation. The labor intensity of the work improves the labor efficiency; the mechanized mining method and the increase of the structural parameters of the mining road effectively increase the mining intensity of the stope, and the mining efficiency is obviously superior to the traditional method. The use of new filling cement materials has greatly reduced the cost of filling and improved the economic benefits of enterprises.
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